Actaea pachypoda
A white summer-flowering wildflower with fruits resembling eyes of a doll
Actaea pachypoda white baneberry
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This perennial native wildflower is a member of the buttercup family. It grows in woods in northeast United States south to Georgia in the mountains. It is documented in almost all Pennsylvania counties. The flowers are quite beautiful. They are white and occur in tight rounded or oblong clusters on an erect stem one to two and a half feet tall. Each flower is ¼ inch across and has four to ten very narrow petals. As the flower blooms the petals tend to fall off but the stamens still produce a spectacular showy flower. There is only one pistil but many stamens.
The leaves of the plant are divided and subdivided into sharply toothed leaflets. The fruit is also distinctive. It takes the form of a cluster of white berries, each with a thick red stalk and a black dot on the top of each berry. These berries are often called 'doll's eyes', because they resemble the eyes used to make dolls. Each berry is white with a black dot and is held on the stalk in the same position as the original flower.
The flower blooms in May or June and the berries mature during the summer. All parts of the plant are poisonous. The berries, in particular, contain a toxin that is very dangerous and can cause cardiac arrest if ingested. The berries are harmless to birds.
Habitat & Range
Frequent in rich open woods and thickets. Prefers part shade to full shade in dappled woodland light and moist, humus-rich, well-drained soil.
Present throughout the state.
Range: Northeast United States south to mountains of Georgia.
| EMP: | UPL |
|---|---|
| NCNE: | UPL |
Phenology
Flowers May & June.
Characteristics
Inflorescence single round to cylindrical raceme on top of a long stem that rises above foliage; elongated slightly as the fruit develops
Flowers 4 to 10 narrow white petals; numerous long white stames around thick white style; pedicel light green to white, swollen at end; ¼″ across
Leaves alternate, compound, in groups of 3 or 5; leaflets hairless and sharply or coarsely toothed
Stems hairless, green; with tint of purple at the nodes
Fruit white berry about ⅓″ across with black dot (stub of the style) at the tip; pedicels turn reddish; contains 3 to 9 seeds
Height avg. 1.5 to 2.5 feet, max 3 feet
Plant Codes
S-rank: S5 (Secure)
G-rank: G5 (Secure)
Ecology
Flowers offer only pollen, not nectar, drawing primarily Halictid bees, including Augochlorella striata, Lasioglossum pectoralis, and L. zephyrus, as its main pollinators.
While its ghostly white berries are consumed by mice and dispersed through the forest floor, their toxicity (due to cardiac glycosides) deters browsing by larger mammalian herbivores.
Actaea pachypoda white baneberry
Synonyms: Actaea albaAdd to MyPlants View Locations
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