Like other rhododendron and azalea species, this native shrub is a member of the heath family. It is similar in many ways to the related early azalia (R. prinophyllum), but lacks the wooly buds, twigs and undersurface of leaves. Some botanists consider the two types to be varieties and not separate species, citing many intermediate forms. It may grow from 2-8 feet high in moist places, including swamps and stream banks, and seems to do well in recently disturbed areas.

The alternate leaves are bright green and oval in shape. The flowers are 1 ½ inch wide and have showy petals. The stamens are two inches long and protrude well beyond the flower tube. The flower tube is pubescent. The flower color can range from white to deep pink and are odorless. Flowers appear in clusters before the leaves emerge on the tree. The pink azalea can be found growing throughout eastern United States from New Hampshire to Florida. The blooming period is March to May.

An earlier scientific name applied to this plant was Rhododendron nudiflorum, and some botanists still prefer the older name. Both varieties of this azalea are collected for the horticulture trade, though the early azalea seems more popular. The plant can be grown from seed or from cuttings. Like all members of its genus all parts of the plant are poisonous.